INFERTILITY

What causes infertility in women?

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Most cases of female infertility are caused by problems with ovulation. Without ovulation, there are no eggs to be fertilized. Some signs that a woman is not ovulating normally include irregular or absent menstrual periods.

INFERTILITY is women experiencing fertility problems.

•  Anovulation:  Ovaries do not release an egg during the menstruation cycle.
•   Endometriosis:  Condition whereby the endometrial layer is found outside the
•  Uterine cavity causing Painful Menstruation and may cause serious Infertility Problems.
• Hormonal defects:   e.g. Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome.

Ovulation problems are often caused by polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). PCOS is a hormone imbalance problem which can interfere with normal ovulation. PCOS is the most common cause of female infertility. Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) is another cause of ovulation problems. POI occurs when a woman’s ovaries stop working normally before she is 40. POI is not the same as early menopause.

Less common causes of fertility problems in women include:

• Blocked fallopian tubes due to pelvic inflammatory disease, endometriosis, or surgery for an ectopic pregnancy
• Physical problems with the uterus
• Uterine fibroids, which are non-cancerous clumps of tissue and muscle on the walls of the uterus.

Many things can change a woman’s ability to have a baby. These include:

• Age
• Smoking
• Excess alcohol use
• Stress
• Poor diet
• Athletic training
• Being overweight or underweight
• Sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
• Health problems that cause hormonal changes, such as polycystic ovarian syndrome and primary ovarian insufficiency

What causes infertility in men?

Causes of Male Infertility

More than 90% of male infertility cases are due to low sperm counts, poor sperm quality, or both. The remaining cases of male infertility can be caused by a range of conditions including anatomical problems, hormonal imbalances, and genetic defects.

Sperm Abnormalities

Sperm abnormalities are a critical factor in male infertility. These abnormalities include:

• Low sperm count
• Poor sperm motility (movement)
• Abnormal sperm shape

Risk Factors

Risk factors for male infertility include:

• Varicocele, an enlarged varicose vein in the spermatic cord that connects to the testicle
• Aging, which can reduce sperm counts and motility and decrease the genetic quality of sperm
• Sexually transmitted diseases, which can cause scarring in the male reproductive system or impair sperm function
• Lifestyle factors such as smoking and substance abuse
• Long-term or intensive exposure to certain types of chemicals, toxins, or medications

Infertility Treatment

Treatment varies

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